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Results Safety All subjects completed the study
While its precise etiology remains unclear, growing evidence implicates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as key contributors to its pathophysiology ( Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, leading to cellular damage, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammationall of which may exacerbate pain sensitization and fatigue in FM ( Mitochondrial dysfunction in Redox imbalance is marked by decreased CoQ10 levels, reduced mitochondrial DNA content, and impaired electron transport chain activity, leading to excessive ROS production and decreased ATP synthesis
As estrogen levels drop, there is a decrease in synaptic connections, a reduction in neurotrophic factor expression, and an overall weakening of the brains structural integrity, leading to memory difficulties and reduced cognitive performance [61]
Combining hormone therapies raises the need for regular lab monitoring, which is why a clinician should oversee the protocol rather than a do-it-yourself routine
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